Blood smear should be examined every 12 to 24 hours for a period of 2 or 3 days, and. It is needless to say that the selected slide should be free from any indentation. The blood smear should occupy the central portion of the slide and should not touch the. Peripheral blood or potassium edta anticoagulated blood 12 mg edta1 ml blood may be used. Aqueous solutions of stains are stable only after 36. Better homogenization of the thick smear was obtained when the blood spreading was limited to rectangles of approximately 5090 sq cm figure 2. Always start with room temperature, wellmixed, clot free, edta anticoagulated blood. It may also be performed when a person has signs and symptoms that suggest a condition affecting blood cell production or lifespan. Blood films are routinely stained with a romanowskytype stain e. Slides should not be left uncovered on top of the counter. There are multiple methods to blood smear preparation. Glass cover slips are mounted on all blood smears to prevent damage to smear during examination, cleaning, handling and storage. Due to students initial inexperience, slides are frequently broken and blood smears are damaged in microscopy training, leading to the need for their constant replacement.
Traditionally, trained laboratorians have examined blood smears manually using a microscope. How to get your vagina smear ready and make the test stress free from the topic life. Preparation of blood smears in order to reduce the number of unacceptable smears received, marshfield labs recommends the following procedure to be used in preparation of blood smears. Fixing the smear blood smear must be fixed with methanol before staining. The smear and simple stains san diego miramar college. Blood smear analysis allows quantitation of the different types of leukocytes called the differential count, estimation of the platelet count, and detection of morphologic abnormalities that may be indicators of pathophysiologic processes. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
To minimize this problem a method of preparing blood smears on transparent acetate sheets was developed with the goal of implementing appropriate and more readily available teaching resources for the microscopic. Tutorial blood cell morphology a clinical pathology 201. Yag laser promotes cavities with rough enamel margins and dentin surface, with irregular and rugged walls, which are free of smear layer 16. Leave the slides overnight in a detergent solution. Blood smear preparation requires two clean glass slides frosted at one end. Pap smear test software free download pap smear test. A properly prepared blood smear is essential to accurate assessment of cellular morphology. Standardization of blood smears prepared in transparent. As soon as it touches the blood, the latter will spread. An examination of the blood smear may be requested by physicians or initiated by laboratory staff. The first step in most bacterial staining procedures is the preparation of a smear.
Peripheral blood smear are usually examined to investigate hematological problems and occasionally, to look for parasites within the blood. Set the second slide in front of blood drop at 30 to 45degree angle. To illustrate the simplicity of the method of making and staining slide smears, let me say that the physicians in the receiving ward of the cook county hospital, working two at a time, and diagnosing from 100 to 200 cases daily, find time to make, stain and examine bloodsmears by this method to help in differentiating typhoid, malaria, and. Practical of clinical hematology islamic university of gaza. If the slide has been stored in spirit, ensure that all the spirit has been thoroughly washed away with water and the slide well dried with a soft, lint free cloth or paper tissues. As soon as the drop of blood is placed on the glass slide, the smear should be made without delay. Any delay results in an abnormal distribution of the white blood cells, with many of the large white cells accumulating at the thin edge of the smear. Examination of a blood smear is an integral part of a hemogram. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. The most common method of blood smear preparation is the wedge. To spread or daub with a sticky, greasy, or dirty substance.
Laboratory 2 smear preparation, simple stain and bacterial morphology laboratory notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. Useful smears are shown in figure 3, a and b, even though one of the smears fig. Blood smear preparation and staining 1 blood smear preparation and staining. The generated web site can be extended using the functionalities of pap simple framework. It takes about 510 minutes to stain a batch of smears. Neel, dvm, dacvp clinical associate professor, clinical pathology nc state college of veterinary medicine raleigh, nc, 27607 introduction although tremendous advances have been made in the field of pointofcare hematology analyzers, examination of a well prepared, well stained blood smear remains the cornerstone of veterinary. The interest of computeraided decision has been acknowledged in. Ppt blood smear preparation and staining powerpoint. Blood smears are made using fresh blood or edta blood. Ppap smearap smear vvandana mehta, vani vasanth, c.
Blood smears can be made from the blood remaining in the needle by pushing a small drop of blood onto the slide with the last evacuated tube. A blood film or peripheral blood smear is a thin layer of blood smeared on a microscope slide. Pdf processing of microscope images in medicine is one of the priority research areas. Regardless of the methods used to determine blood cell counts, blood smear. A blood smear is a drop of blood spread thinly onto a glass slide that is then treated with a special stain and the blood cells on the slide are examined and evaluated. The other is pusher or the spreader slide drop of blood 23 mm in diameter. Dry the smear at room temperature identification marking by using a lead pencil or a marker pen, write the identification number of the slide. When the smear is completely dry, heatfix by quickly passing the smear over the flame two to three times. Examination of thin blood films is important in the investigation and management of anaemia, infections, and other conditions which produce. Slides are just automatically dipped in the stain in the buffer and a series of rinses.
Then wash thoroughly in running tapwater, dry with a clean linen cloth. Each person may have their own preferencemethods for success. When working with microbes, such as bacteria, it is important to practice aseptic techniques. The purpose of preparation of blood smear blood film is to study the morphology of rbcs, differential leukocyte count and reticulocyte count. Staining the film dip the slide in coupling jar containing the field stain b 2 3 dips. These showed the questionability of diagnostic tools in the study area. Boxes of clean grease free slides may be available. Label precleaned slides preferably frostedend with patients name or other identifier, date and time of collection. Visual examination of blood smears is an essential tool for analysis, prevention, and remediation of several types of maladies. A preparation for microscopic examination made by spreading a drop of fluid, such as blood, across a slide and using the edge of another slide to leave a uniform film.
Attention to detail in slide preparation, staining and standard criteria for cell estimates, morphology and differential reporting enhance the value of results provided to the physician. Introduction to peripheral blood smear examination. Smears made from edtaanticoagulated blood should be made. Now push the top slide toward the left, being careful to keep the edge pressed uniformly against the surface of the horizontal slide.
Note that the diameter of the red blood cell is similar to the diameter of the small lymphocyte nucleus. Blood smear synonyms, blood smear pronunciation, blood smear translation, english dictionary definition of blood smear. Just recently i emailed my friend and said funny well, not really how many psychologists, doctors, dieticians, support groups, hospitals, and even a hypnotist, i went to over the years that couldnt help me and all it took in the end was a simple site like this, and a supportive partner. The peripheral smear, a window into the human body and hematology devapiran jaishankar, m. In endodontics once the root canal has been instrumented, the high magnification of electron microscope discloses the. Blood smear preparation pdf download 3d39b66ab9 this material enables the simple and lowcost preparation of samples and does not compromise the morphologic and staining characteristics of the parasites or blood cellsthis ensured that the entire length of the smear on the acetate was simultaneously stainedor its licensors or contributorssecond. The use of new, clean, greasefree, unscratched slides is essential. When first learning, try multiple methods to determine which process works best for you. Does the practice of blood film microscopy for detection. A blood filmor peripheral blood smearis a thin layer of blood smeared on a glass. Concentrating cells via a buffy coat preparation or performing. A variety of methods are available for preparing and staining blood smears, the most common of which are discussed in this atlas. Tutorial blood cell morphology louisiana state university health sciences center department of pathology new orleans, louisiana by carolyn sue walters, mhs, mtascp.
Prior to staining, fix the material to be observed over the slide. Preparation and staining of peripheral blood smear. Dispense dye onto the smear, wait for correct time. The blood is streaked in a thin film over the slide. The blood can be obtained from finger heal microhematochrit tubes non heparinised for edta or heparinised for capillary blood wooden stick or glass capillary pipette. During cavity preparation with laser, the ablation of sound enamel and dentin by er.
The purpose of making a smear is to fix the bacteria onto the slide and to prevent the sample from being lost during a staining procedure. You should make at least one smear from a solid inoculum and one smear from a liquid inoculum. How to get your vagina smear ready and make the test. Pdf the study of blood smear as the analysis of images of various. Take another clean slide, and holding at an angle of about 45 deg, touch the blood with one end of the slide so the blood runs along the edge of the slide by capillary action. The blood smear is primarily ordered as a followup test when a cbc with differential, performed with an automated blood cell counter, indicates the presence of atypical, abnormal, or immature cells. Malaria blood smear remains the gold standard for diagnosis giemsa stain distinguishes between species and life cycle stages parasitemia is quantifiable a free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. The slide is allowed to airdry and is then stained specimen edta anticoagulated blood is preferred. A phlebotomist, a person specifically trained to draw blood, first cleans and sterilizes the injection site with an antiseptic. A wellmade blood smear is a beauty to behold, and likely to yield interesting and. Ppt malaria blood smear powerpoint presentation free. The peripheral blood film remains a very useful tool in hematological assessment. The free end of permafrost slide may be supported by the third finger.
Thus, there may be relatively high rate of false negativity. Clean slides with 70 to 90% alcohol and allow to dry. The blood was then spread out using a rod to cover a larger area of acetate. Staining process has begun, no stat slides can be added in the batch. Balachandran iintroductionntroduction cervical cancer is predominantly sexually transmitted and the association between certain oncogenic high risk strains of human papillomavirus hpv and cervical cancer is well documented. More recently, automated digital systems have become available to help analyze blood.
Blood films should be fixed in methanol within 4 hours preferably within 1 hour of preparation. Devices for blood smear preparation alpha scientific diffsafe blood dispenser for blood smears cuts the time of smearmaking in half, reducing technician fatigue. Simple stain individual supplies heatfixed slides see step i above methylene blue dye staining tray. Free and intracellular bacteria on peripheral blood smears. A method for reducing the sloughing of thick blood films for malaria. The preparation of a smear is required for many laboratory procedures, including the gramstain. A suitably sized droplet and a steady motion with the top spreading slide are essential for good blood film preparation, creating a defined and extensive feathered area.